Brigitte Bardot, the doe-eyed beauty whose sensuality brought French cinema to the mainstream, has died aged 91.
Arriving on screen in the 1950s, Bardot swiftly rose to fame as an era-defining "sex kitten".
She starred in films such as And God Created Woman, Contempt and Jean-Luc Godard's Masculin Féminin.
Discovered by a magazine editor as a teenager, Bardot also proved a designer's darling.
With her bouffant hair and thick eyeliner, few epitomised French chic like Bardot, who became a muse for the likes of Dior, Balmain and Pierre Cardin.
'… but the devil shaped Bardot'
Bardot was born into the luxurious world of the 16th arrondissement in Paris in 1934.
Despite her family's means, behind bourgeois doors, her youth was dominated by strict rules and pious parents.
A childhood dream of becoming a ballerina soon gave way to modelling and, at age 15, Bardot graced the cover of Elle.
It led her straight into the arms of French playboy Roger Vadim.
Against the protestations of her family, Bardot fell in love and soon married the director.
They would go on to collaborate on 40 films.
However, few would prove as big as 1956's And God Created Woman.
Despite being poorly received locally due to its depiction of small-town siren Juliette, the film was a smash hit in the US and abroad.
"She is a thing of mobile contours, a phenomenon you have to see to believe," raved The New York Times of Bardot.
"I owe everything to the Americans," the star would later tell Vanity Fair in 2012.
But as the world became besotted with Bardot, she faced a growing backlash.
Movie theatre owners in the US were arrested for screening And God Created Woman, and Bardot faced similar scrutiny back home.
The debate also led to one of feminist theorist Simone de Beauvoir's leading essays: Brigitte Bardot and the Lolita Syndrome.
In it, she foregrounds Bardot as France's symbol of post-war liberation — something that may now seem shocking for a star who rejected the #MeToo movement.
"She walks, she dances, she moves. In the hunting game, she is both hunter and prey," de Beauvoir posits.
"Males are an object for her, as much as she is an object for them. This is precisely what hurts males' pride."
A very French nonchalance
If Bardot embodied her free-spirit reputation in any way, it was through love.
She would cheat on Vadim with And God Created Woman co-star Jean-Louis Trintignant, before marrying Jacques Charrier in 1959.
Then too came German millionaire Gunter Sachs in 1966, and former Le Pen adviser Bernard d'Ormale in 1992.
Sprinkled among them were several high-profile flings.
"She loved living barefoot without a care in the world, and certainly without a care of what people might say about her," designer Nicole Farhi told The Guardian in 2009.
"All this is very French."
She also never tried to make it in Hollywood, and rarely starred alongside American men.
Bardot's devotion to the motherland shocked even co-star Jane Birkin.
"[Brigitte] never wanted to do a film that was outside France because she didn't want to leave her dear France," Birkin said.
"She seemed to have no ambition whatsoever, which made her a very curiously attractive creature because she was never seeking any sort of approval."
Perhaps then, it was not all that shocking when Bardot retired in 1973.
"I was really sick of it," Bardot said later.
"Good thing I stopped because what happened to Marilyn Monroe and Romy Schneider would have happened to me."
Death threats and controversy
Her style alone influenced jumpers and saw ballerina flats named in her image.
But if you were to ask Bardot, her favourite namesake may be the Brigitte Bardot Foundation.
The star who picked up stray dogs on sets — sometimes sheltering them in hotel rooms — began earnestly throwing herself into activism after meeting Sea Shepherd founder Paul Watson in the late 1970s.
Often, the only things to draw her from her St Tropez home in her later years were animals.
She faced death threats for telling the French to boycott horse meat; donated thousands of dollars to stop the proliferation of Bucharest's stray dogs population; and even fought Australian politician Greg Hunt's plan to cull 2 million feral cats.
"I gave my beauty and my youth to men [and] I am going to give my wisdom and experience to animals," she explained.
It was a bullish nature that proved costly as she courted controversy with anti-LGBTQIA+, misogynistic, anti-Islamic, and antisemitic views.
In total, Bardot was fined six times for "inciting racial hatred", incurring a cost of more than $86,916.
Her near-constant court appearances became so recurrent that a prosecutor in 2008 said she had grown weary of charging Bardot.
Bardot also endorsed France's far-right leader Marine Le Pen, comparing her to a "modern Joan of Arc".
Often asked to remark on a legacy so enamoured with her jeune fille looks, Bardot never feared aging.
The other day," she said in 2012, "I came across … And God Created Woman on TV, which I haven't seen in ages.
"I told myself that that girl wasn't bad. But it was like it was someone other than me.
"I have better things to do than study myself on a screen."
